International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-5(May), Volume-3 2026

1. EFFECTS OF VARIETIES AND PLANT SPACING ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYB...
10

Yusuf, R.*, Haruna, P., Ali B....
Federal College of Horticulture Dadin kowa, Department of Agricultural Technology
1-9
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20018297

Field experiment was conducted during the 2023 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University of Kashere (Latitude 90 54’ 46’’N, Longitude 110 0’ 27’’E at 431 m above the sea level) Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State and at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa, Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three varieties of soybean (TGX-20D, TGX-1951 and TGX1448-2E) and three plant spacing of (20, 30 and 40 cm). These were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the study showed that soybean variety TGX1448-2E significantly produced higher of (9.35 t/ha) yield than TGX-20D (9.04 t/ha) and TGX-1951 (9.03 t/ha). The 40 cm plant spacing, significantly enhanced yield of (9,868.332 kg) than 20 (8,415.833kg) and 30 cm plant spacing (9,133.333 kg). Therefore, TGX1448-2E and 40 cm plant spacing should be used by farmers who grow soybean based from their superior performances by producing higher growth and yield of soybean.

2. Sleep Quality and Academic Performance among Medical Students
0

Sadeem Alzahrani*, Shahad Alqi...
Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, KSA
10-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20264774

Background: Sleep quality is an important factor influencing student well-being, concentration, and academic performance. Medical students are particularly vulnerable to disturbed sleep patterns because of demanding academic schedules, prolonged study periods, and examinationrelated stress. Poor sleep habits may negatively affect educational performance and daily functioning among university students. Objective: To evaluate the association between sleep quality and academic performance among undergraduate medical students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148 undergraduate medical students from second- to fourth-year academic levels. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while academic performance was evaluated using self-reported Grade Point Average (GPA). Sleep quality was categorized into good, fair, and poor sleep groups according to PSQI scores. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, and Pearson correlation analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Fair sleep quality was the most frequently observed category among participants (43.9%), while 31.8% demonstrated poor sleep quality. Students with poorer sleep quality were more likely to demonstrate lower GPA categories compared with students reporting healthier sleep patterns. A statistically significant association was identified between sleep quality and GPA categories (χ² = 15.34, p = 0.002). In addition, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation between PSQI scores and GPA values (r = -0.29, p = 0.001), indicating that poorer sleep quality was associated with lower academic performance. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that sleep quality may represent an important lifestyle-related factor associated with academic performance among undergraduate medical students. Encouraging healthier sleep habits and balanced academic routines may contribute positively to student well-being and educational performance.

3. Clinical Phases in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorders
0

Vinesh Raj* & Meghna Gohain
Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
17-22
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20320526

Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) is organized into two separate phases. The conservative phase prioritizes non-invasive, reversible methods, including lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, splint treatment, and stress management, all aimed at alleviating symptoms and enhancing jaw function. The second step explores invasive or surgical procedures if conservative approaches are inadequate. The techniques enumerated in phase two comprise arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, open-joint surgery, and orthodontic or dental operations. The choice of treatment is contingent upon the severity of TMD and its underlying variables, underscoring the necessity of personalized care under the supervision of healthcare professionals. This page is a significant resource for doctors, researchers, and patients pursuing better techniques for TMD therapy.

4. RISK, UNCERTAINTY, SUBJECTIVE RISK AND ATTITUDE TO RISK: A COMPREHENSI...
2

Fauziyya Hassan*, Dr. Tyodzer...
Department of Public Administration, Falculty Management Science, Veritas University, Abuja
23-31
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20340760

This study sought to investigate Risk, Uncertainty, Subjective Risk and Attitude to Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Management of Projects in Nigeria and it is narrowed down to public sector projects. Public sector projects in Nigeria play a critical role in national development, infrastructure expansion, poverty reduction, and socio-economic transformation. However, these, delays, abandonment, corruption risks, political interference, policy Inconsistency and uncertainty arising from economic volatility. These challenges are the concepts of risk, uncertainty, subjective perception of risk, and institutional attitude toward risk management. While risk is often measurable and manageable through structured frameworks, uncertainty represents unknown variables that complicate forecasting and planning. In the Nigerian public sector context, risk management practices remain inconsistent, reactive, and insufficiently institutionalized. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and analytical examination of risk and uncertainty in public sector project management in Nigeria. It explores the distinction between objective and subjective risk, analyzes institutional and managerial attitudes toward risk, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing risk management practices. Using documentary research design and secondary data from academic literature, policy documents, and empirical studies, the paper identifies structural weaknesses in governance, planning, implementation, and monitoring mechanisms. It further argues that subjective risk perception, influenced by political, cultural, and administrative factors, significantly shapes project outcomes. The study integrates contemporary risk management theory with public administration practice in Nigeria and highlights the relevance of strategic planning, monitoring, and verification systems in mitigating project risk. Findings indicate that inadequate risk assessment frameworks, weak institutional accountability, and poor implementation culture contribute to project failure. The study concludes with recommendations for institutionalizing proactive risk management systems, strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing professional capacity, and integrating data-driven decision-making into public project management processes.

5. THE CIVIL SERVICE IN NIGERIA; EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES, WRITTEN BY CHI...
4

Chukwu, Ifeoma Florence*
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja
32-46


6. Staff Satisfaction at a Private Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia: A Cros...
0

Ibrahim Omar Hussein*, Mohamed...
Research, Education and Disease Surveillance Royal Hospital, Mogadishu Somalia
47-55
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20389383

Background: Staff satisfaction is a key determinant of workforce performance, service quality, and staff retention in healthcare settings. In fragile and post-conflict contexts such as Somalia, empirical evidence on staff satisfaction—particularly from private healthcare facilities—remains limited.To assess levels of staff satisfaction across multiple workplace domains and identify relative strengths and areas for improvement among employees at Royal Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted among staff at Royal Hospital. All eligible employees were invited to participate (N = 220), and 110 staff completed a structured self-administered questionnaire (response rate = 50.0%). Staff satisfaction was measured using a 24-item instrument covering eight domains and rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Domain scores were calculated as mean item scores. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and satisfaction outcomes, and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Overall staff satisfaction was high, with mean scores clustering toward the upper end of the scale. The highest satisfaction was observed for job role and workload, work environment and teamwork, and overall satisfaction (all mean scores > 4.3). Moderate satisfaction was reported for leadership and communication, recognition, fairness, and learning and career development. Compensation and staff welfare recorded the lowest mean score (3.57), indicating a relative area of concern. The full satisfaction scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.939). Conclusion: Staff at Royal Hospital reported generally high levels of satisfaction, reflecting strong organizational foundations in role clarity, teamwork, and the work environment. However, comparatively lower satisfaction with compensation and welfare highlights priority areas for targeted human resource interventions. Routine staff satisfaction assessments may support evidence-based management strategies to sustain a motivated healthcare workforce in resource-constrained settings.





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